Lub IIoT yuav hloov pauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tsis yog ntawm kev lag luam, tab sis ntawm ntau tus neeg koom nrog. Yog tias tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm Kev Lag Luam Hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam tau pom, ntau tus neeg yuav tsim muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws ntau lub sijhawm. Piv txwv suav nrog cov phiajcim ntse thiab kev kho mob ntse, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom tshiab ecosystems.
Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam tau pib nkag mus rau hauv ntau ntu kev lag luam, thiab ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntsug ntawm qhov kev nkag mus no yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Qhov tseeb, lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv, tsheb thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tseem tab tom pib sib sau ua ke nrog Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Cov cuab yeej siv hauv cov kev lag luam no, xws li sensors, neeg hlau, sib xyaw tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab cov twj insulin, tau koom nrog IoT "tub rog."
Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev siv tshuab niaj hnub no. Raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke tshiab ntawm kev suav thiab kev sib txuas lus, Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam thiab nws cov "ntse" cov cuab yeej tau npaj rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg-lub computer kev sib cuam tshuam.
Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem sib txuas lus thiab nkag mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam (ICS). Cov tshuab no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam nuclear. Ntau qhov tseeb, vim kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, cov kev lag luam no raug yuam kom siv "smart" li thiab tsuas yog kev tswj hwm. Tej zaum lawv yuav ntsib teeb meem hauv lawv qhov kev thov kom koom nrog IIoT rau hauv lawv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Yuav muaj ntau yam kev sib tw thaum siv daim ntawv thov kev lag luam hauv Internet. Nov yog tsib ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Qhov Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb 1: Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ntsib IIoT niaj hnub no yog yuav ua li cas cov tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm xaiv los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm.
Tshuab-tshuab kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas lus daws teeb meem tau tshwm sim ib qho tom qab. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv IIoT thev naus laus zis, ntau qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav. Piv txwv li, yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi? Yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv no li cas? Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau zoo dua li cas? Cov kev txiav txim siab twg yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev tshuaj ntsuam no?
Thaum kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tus nqi nyiaj txiag thiab ROI tuaj yeem pab cov tuam txhab txiav txim siab qhov twg los qhia IIoT, qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev txiav txim siab IIoT muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus rau txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom. Cov xwm txheej quo yog tias cov cuab yeej tsim khoom no tseem nyob ntawm txoj kev kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm IIoT cov khoom siv nyuaj.
Qhov txaus ntshai tiag tiag ntawm "kev tsim khoom ncaj ncees" tshwm sim thaum cov khoom lag luam thiab cov kev pabcuam tsim nyog rau ib puag ncig chaw ua haujlwm raug coj los daws kev tsim khoom yam tsis muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov kev xav tau (ib puag ncig, thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij, kev pabcuam kev ntseeg siab thiab muaj, thiab lwm yam) thaum muaj teeb meem tib yam. tshwm sim hauv ib puag ncig. Thaum kawg, qhov kawg tswj cov khoom (controllers, sensors, actuators, thiab lwm yam) uas txuas lub network mus rau qhov chaw lub cev tseem ua rau cov thev naus laus zis uas feem ntau IT architectures tsis txhawb. Txawm hais tias Ethernet nrov dua li nws tau ob peb xyoos dhau los, Windows operating system tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom vim nws tsis ua tau raws li cov kev cai yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Nws tsis yog qhov twg cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog qhov twg yuav xa mus rau IIoT, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum qhia meej meej cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog cov thev naus laus zis uas lawv xav tsim. Qhov no xav kom cov tuam txhab muaj kev nkag siab tob tob txog qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag uas cov cuab yeej IIoT tau txais kev pabcuam thaum kawg.
Qhov Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb 2: Cov Teeb Meem Khoom Muag
Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav xav tau hais txog ntau dua li kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo tom ntej. Tus nqi thiab kev cia siab rau kev lag luam kuj tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum cov neeg siv khoom siv thaum ntxov hloov mus rau IIoT. Nrog embedded systems nce nkag mus rau hauv lub lag luam, tswj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom saw tau los ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm manufacturers.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb uas cov ntsiab lus IIoT raug siv, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau kom pom tseeb thiab ua qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Lawv yuav tsum tau tsim cov khoom siv raws li kev lees paub pej xeem cov qauv uas tuaj yeem soj ntsuam ntawm nws tus kheej kom pom tias lawv cov khoom siv tsuas yog npaj kho vajtse, software lossis firmware.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb 3: Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas uas sib koom ua ke rau hauv cov khoom ntawm IIoT yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov teeb meem no cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem tswj cov neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj yog cov tswj kav kav dej. Vim hais tias, txhua yam 'yam' lossis cov cuab yeej tswj hwm los ntawm kev sib txuas lus network "ntsib" hauv Is Taws Nem muaj kev pheej hmoo raug nyiag.
Cov cuab yeej IIoT kuj tseem tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob cyber. Malware xws li "Black Power" lossis "Stuxnet" infiltrating industrial control systems tsis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Txhawm rau zam cov kev hem thawj no, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv cyber rau hauv lawv cov kev lag luam network.
Qhov Kev Sib Tw Tseem Ceeb 4: Kev Sib Txuas Sib Txawv
Ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb hauv kev siv IIoT yog kev ruaj ntseg. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tshuab tshiab tsis tau muaj zog dua li qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas ua rau peb sib ntaus sib tua.
Tej zaum qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau kev kov yeej yog rhuav tshem cov teeb meem ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab cov chaw haujlwm. IT (Information Technology) / OT (Operational Technology) convergence uas tau tham txog ntau xyoo yuav tsum paub. Cov kws tshaj lij tswj hwm yuav tsum hloov kho lawv cov thev naus laus zis kom lawv thiaj li nkag siab txog kev sib txuas lus thiab kev ruaj ntseg. IT engineers thiab architects yuav tsum nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Thaum ua ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog qhov nyuaj, tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev sib koom tes yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua lub lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev muaj txiaj ntsig, kev pabcuam neeg siv khoom thiab kev ruaj khov. Lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub tuam txhab, thiab lawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev taw qhia.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb 5: Cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb
Qhov thib tsib thiab qhov kawg tseem ceeb cov tuam txhab lag luam ntsib thaum siv IIoT. Cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb tau nyob ib puag ncig ntau xyoo, tab sis lawv tsis tshua xav txog tias kev tawm tsam tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Qhov nce ntawm cov cyberattacks no tau pom los ntawm Stuxnet thiab German steel zeb xwm txheej, tab sis IIoT tab tom tsav qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua. Qhov xwm txheej no txawv heev ntawm IT kev ruaj ntseg era, thiab peb yuav tsum tau kho.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo, cov tuam txhab lag luam tuaj yeem siv cov kev sib koom tes tshiab ntawm IT thiab OT ua ib qho kev pab cuam los daws qhov kev sib tw no. Siv keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv OT qhov chaw, IT tiv thaiv yuav tsum pib koom nrog kev ruaj ntseg rau hauv lawv cov qauv kev hem thawj thiab sab laj nrog pab pawg OT kev ruaj ntseg yuav ua li cas. Tau kawg, tsis yog ib pab neeg tuaj yeem daws txhua yam teeb meem, tab sis nws yog lub sijhawm rau kev sib koom ua ke tiag tiag.
Cov ntsiab lus
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev siv IIoT tuaj yeem ua suab nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm lub plawv ntawm cov teeb meem no ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej, cov teeb meem ntawm cov saw hlau, kev tiv thaiv cybersecurity, kev sib txawv ntawm tus kheej, thiab kev ruaj ntseg, nws yog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tuam tsev, tag nrho cov tuam txhab, thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom los tsav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no mus rau tom ntej. kev loj hlob ua ntej.
